Correction and Retraction Policy

Policy Statement

Jurnal Literasi Pendidikan Fisika (JLPF) is committed to maintaining the accuracy, reliability, and integrity of the scholarly record. When errors or concerns are identified in a published article, the journal will assess the available evidence and take appropriate action to ensure that the published record remains transparent and reliable.

Depending on the nature and seriousness of the issue, editorial action may include publishing a correction, an expression of concern, or a retraction. These actions serve different purposes and will be selected according to the circumstances of each case.

Corrections

A correction may be issued when an error in a published article affects the accuracy, clarity, or completeness of the publication but does not invalidate its overall findings or conclusions.

Examples may include:

• errors in author names, affiliations, or other publication metadata;
• typographical, numerical, or factual errors that require correction;
• errors in tables, figures, equations, or supplementary information; and
• other inaccuracies that can be corrected without invalidating the main findings or conclusions.

Requests for correction may be submitted by authors, readers, or other relevant parties to the editorial office. The Editor will evaluate the request and may seek supporting evidence or clarification before deciding whether a correction is warranted.

When a correction is approved, JLPF will publish a clearly identified correction notice that describes the error and the corresponding amendment. Where technically possible, the notice will be linked to the original article, and the publication record will be updated transparently.

Retractions

A retraction may be necessary when a published article is found to contain serious problems that undermine the reliability of its findings or the integrity of the publication record.

Reasons for retraction may include, but are not limited to:

• reliable evidence of fabrication or falsification of data;
• substantial plagiarism or duplicate publication;
• serious errors that invalidate the principal findings or conclusions;
• unethical research practices that materially affect the validity or legitimacy of the work; or
• other serious forms of research or publication misconduct that compromise the integrity of the article.

A retraction decision will be based on an assessment of the available evidence and the seriousness of the concerns. Where appropriate, the Editor may request explanations from the authors, consult independent experts, or contact the authors' institutions or other relevant bodies.

A retraction notice will identify the article, explain the reason for retraction as clearly as possible, and indicate who is issuing the notice. The original article will remain identifiable in the journal's publication record, with a clear link to the retraction notice, where technically possible. The article will not be silently removed or altered to conceal the retraction.

Expression of Concern

An expression of concern may be issued when credible questions have been raised about a published article but the available evidence is insufficient for an immediate correction or retraction, or when an investigation is ongoing and its outcome is not yet available.

The notice will explain the nature of the concern to the extent that the available evidence and applicable confidentiality obligations permit. The Editor will review the matter as further information becomes available and determine whether additional action is necessary.

Reporting Errors or Concerns

Authors, readers, reviewers, and other interested parties may report suspected errors or concerns about published articles to the JLPF editorial office at jlpf@fkip.unmul.ac.id.

Reports should include the article title, publication details or DOI where available, a clear description of the concern, and supporting evidence. The journal may request additional information where necessary to assess the report.

All reports will be considered on their merits. The existence of an allegation alone does not establish that an article is unreliable or that misconduct has occurred.

Editorial Assessment and Decision-Making

The Editor-in-Chief or a designated editor will assess the nature and significance of the reported issue and determine the appropriate course of action. The process may include:

1. reviewing the published article and relevant supporting evidence;
2. requesting explanations or additional documentation from the authors;
3. seeking independent expert advice when appropriate;
4. consulting relevant institutions or other appropriate bodies when necessary; and
5. determining whether a correction, expression of concern, retraction, or no further action is warranted.

Individuals directly concerned will normally be given an appropriate opportunity to respond before a final decision is made, subject to the circumstances of the case and the need to protect the integrity of the scholarly record. Editors with a relevant conflict of interest must not lead the decision-making process.

Transparency and Publication Record

JLPF will make reasonable efforts to ensure that correction notices, expressions of concern, and retraction notices are clearly identifiable and linked to the affected article. Editorial actions will be documented to maintain a transparent publication history.

Corrections and retractions will not be used merely to resolve scholarly disagreement. Decisions will be based on the nature of the error, the available evidence, and the implications for the reliability or integrity of the published work.

Relationship with Other Policies

This policy should be read together with JLPF's Publication Ethics, Allegation of Research Misconduct, and Post-Publication Discussion policies.