Authorship Criteria

1. Authorship Eligibility

To qualify as an author, an individual must meet all four of the following criteria:

1. Substantial scholarly contribution. Contribute meaningfully to the conception or design of the study, development of research instruments or learning materials, data collection, data analysis, or interpretation of findings.
2. Manuscript preparation. Participate in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.
3. Final approval. Approve the final manuscript version before submission and publication.
4. Accountability. Accept responsibility for their contributions and cooperate in addressing questions concerning the accuracy or integrity of the work.

2. Contributions That Do Not Qualify for Authorship

The following activities do not, on their own, qualify an individual for authorship:

• General supervision or institutional leadership without substantial intellectual involvement.
• Funding acquisition or administrative assistance alone.
• Providing facilities, equipment, or access to research sites without further intellectual contribution.
• Data collection without substantial involvement in the research process or manuscript development.
• Language editing, proofreading, formatting, or translation alone.
• Technical support or general advice without meaningful intellectual input.

Contributors who do not meet the authorship criteria may be acknowledged in the manuscript where appropriate, with their permission.

3. Responsibilities of the Corresponding Author

The corresponding author is the primary contact between the authors and the JLPF editorial office throughout submission, peer review, and publication. The corresponding author must ensure that:

• All listed authors meet the authorship criteria and have approved the manuscript for submission.
• Author names, order, and institutional affiliations are accurate and agreed upon by all authors.
• Relevant declarations concerning funding, competing interests, research ethics, and data availability are provided when applicable or required by the journal.
• All co-authors are informed of substantive revisions and editorial decisions.
• Questions concerning the accuracy or integrity of the work are addressed in cooperation with the other authors.

4. Equal Contributions and Group Authorship

JLPF permits authors to indicate equal contributions when two or more individuals have made equivalent contributions to the work and all authors agree to the designation. This arrangement should be communicated clearly to the editorial office.

Group or consortium authorship may be considered for collaborative research. Individuals listed as authors must meet the journal's authorship criteria, and responsible contributors should be identifiable when necessary.

5. Use of Generative AI and External Assistance

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot assume responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of scholarly work.

Authors are responsible for checking all manuscript content, including material generated or modified using AI tools. AI use must comply with JLPF's applicable publication policies and disclosure requirements.

Language editing, translation, or formatting assistance alone does not qualify an individual for authorship. Professional assistance should be acknowledged where appropriate. Undisclosed assistance that misrepresents authorship or the origin of scholarly work is not acceptable.

6. Changes to Authorship

Any addition, removal, or rearrangement of authors after submission must be requested in writing by the corresponding author, with a clear justification and written agreement from all authors, including any author being added or removed.

The editorial office will review the request before approving any change. Requests made after acceptance or publication will be assessed in accordance with publication ethics principles and may require a formal correction to the published article.

7. Author Names, Affiliations, and ORCID

Authors must provide accurate full names, institutional affiliations, and contact information during submission. Affiliations should reflect the institutions associated with the research or the authors' relevant appointments.

Authors are encouraged to provide an ORCID iD to support accurate identification and attribution of scholarly work. Each author is responsible for verifying the accuracy of their name and affiliation before submission.

8. Compliance with the Authorship Policy

By submitting a manuscript to JLPF, the corresponding author confirms that all listed authors meet the journal's authorship criteria and have approved the submission.

Misrepresentation of authorship, inappropriate inclusion or omission of authors, and unauthorized authorship changes may be reviewed by the editorial office in accordance with JLPF's publication ethics policies.