Analisis Hambatan Epistemologis: Ketika Struktur Bahasa Memengaruhi Pemahaman Konsep Aljabar Siswa di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Swasta

Umar Budianto; Sukiyanto Sukiyanto

Authors

Umar Budianto Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa
Sukiyanto Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa

Keywords:

Hambatan epistemologis, Struktur bahasa, Berpikir aljabar, Sekolah Menengah Pertama Swasta, Sosiolinguistik

Abstract

Hambatan epistemologis dalam aljabar sering kali bermanifestasi ketika pengetahuan bahasa alami siswa yang bersifat linier menginterfensi pemahaman struktur sintaksis aljabar yang abstrak. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan desain studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk memetakan dan membedah secara mendalam hambatan epistemologis yang dialami siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Swasta akibat pengaruh struktur bahasa dalam memahami konsep aljabar. Subjek penelitian melibatkan 30 siswa kelas VII di salah satu SMP Swasta di wilayah sub urban Bogor, di mana 3 hingga 6 siswa di antaranya dipilih secara purposive sebagai subjek wawancara klinis berdasarkan pola kesalahan dominan. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan tiga instrumen: Tes Diagnostik Aljabar Berbasis Linguistik (TDABL), pedoman wawancara klinis berbasis tugas, dan catatan lapangan observasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahap reduksi, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan dengan teknik triangulasi untuk keabsahan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas siswa (63,3%) berada pada kategori hambatan tinggi, 26,7% hambatan sedang, dan hanya 10,0% hambatan rendah. Hambatan epistemologis ini bermanifestasi dalam bentuk reversal error (kesalahan pembalikan) akut dan word-for-word translation (penerjemahan kata per kata) dari kiri ke kanan. Siswa secara keliru menggeneralisasikan struktur bahasa lisan informal lokal ke dalam model aljabar, sehingga gagal mengekstrak hubungan relasional makna kata konjungsi pada operasi nonsimmetris seperti pengurangan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pentingnya integrasi analisis psikolinguistik melalui teknik sentence-parsing dalam pembelajaran aljabar untuk mereduksi miskonsepsi berbasis bahasa.

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