The Student Anxiety Level and the Dominant Factors Influencing in Learning English at SMKN 17 Samarinda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/e3l.v2i1.1985Keywords:
Anxiety, Learning EnglishAbstract
Anxiety in learning English is a state of tension and apprehension as a natural response in learning English, and might impede students’ learning process. This study was intended to find the students anxiety level and the dominant factor influencing in learning English. The survey research was applied to get the data needed. There were 120 respondents from four classes of the eleventh grade students of SMKN 17 Samarinda. The research instrument was a questionnaire by Horwitz (1991). Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the quantitative data. It was found out that on average students had high anxiety level, in which 73% of the students were categorized as having high anxiety level. Then, 19 % of the students had very high anxiety level, and 7.5% had medium anxiety. There are three anxiety factors, two factors: communication apprehension (74.9%) and test anxiety (74,5%) became the dominant factors, since in both factors, while the negative evaluation (69%) was the lower percentages from three dominant factor. Moreover, there were sub-factors which were found in this study that had correlation with the dominant factors in learning English, such as: not confident in learning English and lack of vocabulary (communication apprehension), teacher did not reduce anxiety and teaching quickly (test anxiety) and not good environment in learning English (fear negative evaluation)
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References
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Dörnyei, Z. and Taguchi, T. (2009). Second Language Acquisition Research Series. Monographs on Research Methodology. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
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Ormrod, J. E. (2011). Educational Psychology: Developing Learner. Boston: Pearson Education Inc.
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Pappamihiel, N. E. (2002). English as a Second Language Students and English Language Anxiety. Issues in the Mainstream Classroom. Florida State University: Proquest Education Journal, 35 (7), 327-329.
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Panic, M. (2016). A Study of Factor Undergraduates Anxiety with Foreign Language Communication. Thailand: Rajamangala University.
Pekrun, R. (2006). The Control–Value Theory Of Achievement Emotions: Assumptions, Corollaries, And Implications For Educational Research And Practice. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
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Robb, M. (1998). Situation and Competitive State Anxiety. North Carolina: Sage Journal
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Salant, P., and Dillmann, D. A. (1994). How to Conduct Your Own Survey. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Schuman, H. (1972). Two Sources of Anti-War Sentiment in America. USA: American Journal of Sociology.78 (3), 513-536.
Sedgwick, P. (2015). Bias in Observational Study Designs: Cross Sectional Studies.London: BMJ.
Slameto. (2010). Belajar Dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhinya. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Speilberger, C.D. (1983). Anxiety. New York: Academic Press.
Spielberger, C.D. (1983). Manual or the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Warnock, M. (1970) Existentialism. London: Oxford University Press.
Watson, (1969), Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33(4), 448-457.
Wilson, N. and McLean, S. (1994). Questionnaire Design: A Practical Introduction. Newtown Abbey, Co. Antrim: University of Ulster Press.
Worde, R. (2003). Students’ Perspectives on Foreign Language Anxiety. Virginia: Virginia Community College Systems.8 (1), 22-25.
Young, D. J. (1991). Creating a Low- Anxiety Classroom Environment: What Does Language Anxiety Research Suggest. US: Modern Language Journal.75 (4), 26-39
Young, (1999). Affect in Foreign Language and Second Language Learning: A Practical Guide to Creating a Low-Anxiety Classroom Atmosphere. Boston: McGraw-HillCollage
Anuban, C. (2008). Anxiety level of paddles athletes in the 35th University Games Chiang Mai: Chiang Mai University.
Brown, (1991). Breaking the Language Barrier. Yarmouth: Intercultural Press.
Biggs, J. (2011). Aligning Teaching for Constructing Learning. United Kingdom: The Higher Education Academy.
Callahan, R. J. (2001). The Impact of Thought Field Therapy on Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association.57(10),1171-1174
Chen, T. and Chang, G. B. (2008). The Relationship between Foreign Language Anxiety and Learning Difficulties.Taiwan: Wiley Online Library.
Chukwuemeka, O. (2013). Environmental Influence on Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Port Harcourt Local Government Area of Rivers State. Port Harcourt: Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, 10 (2), 191-200.
Cornett, C. E. (1983). What You Should Know About Teaching And Learning Styles. Los Angeles: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation.
Crookall, D., and Oxford, R. (1991). Dealing with anxiety: Some Practical Activities for Language Learners and Teacher Trainees. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.141-150.
Djigunović, J., and Legacy, V. (2008). Foreign Language Anxiety and Listening Comprehension of Monolingual and Bilingual EFL Learners. Croatia: Faculty of Teacher Education of Zagreb University.
Dörnyei, Z. and Taguchi, T. (2009). Second Language Acquisition Research Series. Monographs on Research Methodology. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Emre, D. (2016).“Sources and Levels of Foreign LanguageSpeaking Anxiety of English as a Foreign Language University Studentswith regard to Language Proficiency and Gender”. International Journalof English Language Education, Mersin, Turkey. 4 (1). 35-36.
Frankel, J. R., Norman E. W., Hellen, H. H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education-7th ed. Published by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, United State of America
Freud, S. (2018).Psychoanalysis. US: Princeton University Press.
Gay, L. R. (2012). Educational Research: Competences for Analysis and Application. London: Pearson Education, Inc.
Gower, R., Phillips, D., and Walters, S. (2005). Teaching Practice: A Handbook for Teacher Training. Thailand: Mamillan Education.
Gregersen, T. S. (2003). To eror is human: A reminder to teachers of language-anxious students. US: American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Language. 36 (1), 25-32.
Grigorenko, E. (2002). Foreign language acquisition and language-based learning disabilities. Individual differences and instructed language learning. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: John Benjamins.30 (3), 481–509.
Hamalik, O. (2003). Proses Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara.
Hopkins, D. (1993). A Teacher’s Guide to Classroom Research. Burkingham: Open University Press.
Hopkins, D. (1985). A Teacher’s Guide to Classroom Research. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Hopkins, D. (2008). A Teacher's Guide to Classroom Research (4th Ed.). NY: Open University Press.
Horwitz, et.al., (1991). “Language Anxiety: From Theory andResearch to ClassroomImplications”, Foreign Language ClassroomAnxiety. In E.K. Horwitz & D. J. Young, p.27-39.NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B and Cope, J. A. (1986). “Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety”. The Language Anxiety: From Theory and Research to Classroom Implications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 19 (2), 169-176.
Horwitz, E. K. (2001). Language Anxiety Achievement. USA: Annual Review of Applied Linguistics.
Johnson, K. and Morrow, K. (1981). Communication in the Classroom. England: Longman Group Ltd.
Johnson, B.J. (2006). Foreign Language Learning: An Exploratory Study on The External And Internal Influences Affecting Success.Thesis. Unpublished. Faculty of Baylor University.
Lertwatcha, S. (2013). Five Tips if You Want to be Fluent in English. Thailand: Rajamangala University.
Liu, H. and Chen, T. (2013). Foreign Language Anxiety In Young Learners: How It Relates To Multiple Intelligences, Learner Attitudes, And Perceived Competence. Taiwan: Da-Yeh University.
Macintyre, P. & Gardner, R. C. (1991). Investigating Language Class Anxiety Using the Focused Essay Technique. Canada: The Modern Language Journal.22 (2), 17-20
Macintyre, P. D. (1995). How Does Anxiety Affect Foreign Language Learning: A Reply To Sparks And Ganschow. Canada:The Modern Language Journal.79 (1), 90-99.
Macintyre, P. and Gardner, R. C. (1995). The Stable Effects of Language Anxiety Oncognitive Processing In The Second Language’, Language Learning. Canada: Western Univesity. 42 (1), 99-111.
Mills, G. E. (2011). Action Research: A Guide for Teacher Researcher. Boston: Pearson Education.
Minat, N. (2013). An Investigation of English Language Anxiety. Bangladesh: BRAC University.
Mounprasert, M. (2008). Factor Affecting Anxiety in Communication of Thai EFL University Students Studying Oral English Course at Burapha University.Chonburi: Burapha University.
Murugan, A. and Rajoo, L. (2013). Students’ Perceptions of Mathematics Classroom Environment & Mathematics Achievement: A Study in Sipitang, Sabah, Malaysia. Malaysia: The International Conference on Social Science Research.
Musthachim, A. (2014). Students’ anxiety in learning English: Jakarta Syarif Hidayatullah University.
Ormrod, J. E. (2011). Educational Psychology: Developing Learner. Boston: Pearson Education Inc.
Oxford, R. (1999). Anxiety and the Language Learner: New insights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pappamihiel, N. E. (2002). English as a Second Language Students and English Language Anxiety. Issues in the Mainstream Classroom. Florida State University: Proquest Education Journal, 35 (7), 327-329.
Passer, M. W., and Smith. R. E. (2009) Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Panic, M. (2016). A Study of Factor Undergraduates Anxiety with Foreign Language Communication. Thailand: Rajamangala University.
Pekrun, R. (2006). The Control–Value Theory Of Achievement Emotions: Assumptions, Corollaries, And Implications For Educational Research And Practice. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
Pinsonneault, A. and Kraemer, K. L. (1993). Survey Research Methodology In Management Information System: An Assessment. London: Taylor & Francis.
Porst, R. (2011). Fragebogen. Ein Arbeitsbuch. Wiesbaden: VS-Verlag.
Rasheed, M. M. (2012). Learning English In Bangladesh: CLT Beyond. Bangladesh: Critical Literacy. 6 (2), 31-34.
Riasati, M. J. (2011).Language Learning Anxiety From EFL Learners’ Perspective. Malaysia:Middle-East Journal of ScientificResearch, 7 (2), 907-914.
Robb, M. (1998). Situation and Competitive State Anxiety. North Carolina: Sage Journal
Saito, Y.,and Samimy K. K. (1996). Foreign Language Anxiety and Language Performance: A Study of Learner Anxiety in Beginning, Intermediate, and Advanced Level College Students Of Japanese.Japan: Foreign Lang. Ann.
Salant, P., and Dillmann, D. A. (1994). How to Conduct Your Own Survey. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Schuman, H. (1972). Two Sources of Anti-War Sentiment in America. USA: American Journal of Sociology.78 (3), 513-536.
Sedgwick, P. (2015). Bias in Observational Study Designs: Cross Sectional Studies.London: BMJ.
Slameto. (2010). Belajar Dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhinya. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Speilberger, C.D. (1983). Anxiety. New York: Academic Press.
Spielberger, C.D. (1983). Manual or the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Warnock, M. (1970) Existentialism. London: Oxford University Press.
Watson, (1969), Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33(4), 448-457.
Wilson, N. and McLean, S. (1994). Questionnaire Design: A Practical Introduction. Newtown Abbey, Co. Antrim: University of Ulster Press.
Worde, R. (2003). Students’ Perspectives on Foreign Language Anxiety. Virginia: Virginia Community College Systems.8 (1), 22-25.
Young, D. J. (1991). Creating a Low- Anxiety Classroom Environment: What Does Language Anxiety Research Suggest. US: Modern Language Journal.75 (4), 26-39
Young, (1999). Affect in Foreign Language and Second Language Learning: A Practical Guide to Creating a Low-Anxiety Classroom Atmosphere. Boston: McGraw-HillCollage
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Published
2019-03-29
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Hidayat, T., Yahya, M. ., & Parama Iswari, W. (2019). The Student Anxiety Level and the Dominant Factors Influencing in Learning English at SMKN 17 Samarinda . E3L: Journal of English Teaching, Linguistic, and Literature, 2(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.30872/e3l.v2i1.1985
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