Exploring the Level and Primary Causes of Speaking Anxiety in Thesis Seminar Among EFL Students
Keywords:
Speaking, Anxiety Level, Factors Influencing Anxiety, Thesis Seminar
Abstract
Speaking anxiety in this research was interpreted as a feeling of nervousness when EFL students were speaking English while delivering the material in the thesis seminar. The purposes of this study were (1) to find out the levels of speaking anxiety in thesis seminars and (2) to find out the primary factors that influence speaking anxiety in thesis seminar among EFL students of English Department at Mulawarman University. The design of this study was the quantitative method. This study dealt with a descriptive quantitative approach. In this case, the researcher took 56 students; 36 students in the academic year 2015 and 20 students in the academic year 2016 from English Department at Mulawarman University as the sample to investigate the level and primary causes of EFL students' public speaking anxiety in thesis seminar. In this study, the quantitative data from the result of the adapted Public Speaking Class Anxiety Scale (PSCAS) questionnaire proposed by Yakihong and Usaha (2012) was analyzed by descriptive statistic SPSS 26. The results of SPSS 26 indicated that there were 62.8% of students experienced a medium level of public speaking anxiety in the thesis seminar. Furthermore, it was found that lecturers’ or contributors’ characteristics (LCC) became the primary factor that contributed to influence speaking anxiety in thesis seminar
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References
Adam H.E., & Sutker, P.B., (2002). Comprehensive Handbook of Psychopathology (3rd ed). New York Plenum Presshuda
Anandari, C. L. (2015). Indonesian EFL Students’ Anxiety in Speech Production: Possible Causes and Remedy. TEFLIN Journal - A Publication on the Teaching and Learning of English, 26(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v26i1/1-16
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Carlson, N. R. & William, B. (1997). Psychology: The Science of Behavior. Needham Heights: Viacom Company.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Lincoln: Sage Publications.
Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Fulcher, G. (2003). Testing Second Language Speaking. Britain Person: Education Limited.
Gay, L. R., Mills, G. & Airasian, P. W. (2012). Educational Research Competencies for Analysis and Application (10th ed.). USA: Pearson Education, Inc.
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). Using SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference (4th ed.). London: Pearson Education.
Gerard, K. (2000). How to Teach Pronunciation. Charlbury: Bluestone Press
Gunderson, L. (2009). ESL (ELL) Literacy Instruction: A Guidebook to Theory and Practice (2nd ed.). Abingdon: Routledge.
Halgin R. P., & Whitbourne, S. K. (2007). Abnormal Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders (5th ed.). New York: Tata McGraw-Hill.
Hanna, M.S., & Gibson, J. W. (1989). Public Speaking for Personal Success (2nd ed.). Dubuque, lA: William C. Brown.
Harmer, J. (2001). The Practice of English Language Teaching. Essex: Pearson Education Ltd.
Harris, D.P. (1969) Testing English as a Second Language, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Heaton, J. B. (1978). Writing English Language Testing. New York: Longman.
Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/327317
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Pardede, P. (2019). EFL Theory and Practice: Voice of EED UKI. Jakarta: UKI Press.
Passer, M. W., & Smith, R.E., (2009). Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour (4th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Companies Inc.
Rachmawati, D. I. & Jurianto. (2020). Investigating English Department Students’ Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety: A Case Study in Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. Social Sciences, Humanities and Education Journal (SHE Journal), 1(2), 22 – 34. doi: 10.25273/she.v1i2.6624
Raja, F. U. (2017). Anxiety Level in Students of Public Speaking: Causes and Remedies. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 4(1), 94-100. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1161521.pdf
Rasinger, S. M. (2010). Research Method in Linguistics. New York: Continuum International Publishing.
Saville-Troike, M. (2006). Introducing Second Language Acquisition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Saviola, F., Pappaianni, E., Monti, A., Grecucci, A., Jovicich, J., & De Pisapia, N. (2020). Trait and State Anxiety are Mapped Differently in the Human Brain. Sci Rep, 10(1), 11112. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68008-z
Schmitt, N. (1996). Uses and Abuses of Coefficient Alpha. Psychological Assessment, 8(4), 350–353. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.8.4.350
Setiadi, M. A. & Junaid, (2020). Analysis of Speaking Anxiety in Thesis Seminar. Makassar: Muhammadiyah Makassar University. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338571585
Setiati, S. (2004). Tips for Making a Good Research Proposal. Acta Medica Indonesiana, 36(1), 43-47. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 15673937
Shaima, T. (2006). The Effectiveness of a Task-Based Instruction Program in Developing the English Language Speaking Skills of Secondary Stage Students, (Unpublished PhD. Dissertation). Kairo: Ain Shams University. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED523922
Sutker, P. B., & Adams, H. E. (2001). Comprehensive Handbook of Psychopathology. In P. B. Sutker & H. E. Adams (Eds.), Comprehensive Handbook of Psychopathology. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/b107807
Thornbury, S. (2005). How to Teach Speaking. England: Pearson Educational Limited. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/doc/275587410/Thornbury -How-to-Teach-Speaking-pdf
Toubot, A. M., Hock Seng, G., & Binti Atan Abdullah, A. (2018). Examining Levels and Factors of Speaking Anxiety among EFL Libyan English Undergraduate Students. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 7(5), 47. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.5p.47
Tseng, S. (2012). The Factors Caused Language Anxiety for ESL/ EFL Learners in Learning Speaking: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 63, 75-90. Retrieved from https://id.scribd.com/document/256303469/4-P-75-90-10080
Yaikhong, K., & Usaha, S. (2012). A Measure of EFL Public Speaking Class Anxiety: Scale Development and Preliminary Validation and Reliability. Journal of English Language Teaching, 5(12), 23-35. doi:10.5539/elt.v5n12p23
Zia, Z., & Norrihan, S. (2015). EFL Learners’ Levels of Classroom Performance Anxieties and their Causes in Classroom Speaking Activities in Afghanistan. International Journal of English and Education, 4(1), 239–249.
Anandari, C. L. (2015). Indonesian EFL Students’ Anxiety in Speech Production: Possible Causes and Remedy. TEFLIN Journal - A Publication on the Teaching and Learning of English, 26(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v26i1/1-16
Arboleda, C. R. (1998). Writing a Thesis Proposal (1st ed.). Philippine: Rex Book Store Inc.
Brown, H. D. (2007). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy (3rd ed.). New York: Pearson Education. Richard P.
Carlson, N. R. & William, B. (1997). Psychology: The Science of Behavior. Needham Heights: Viacom Company.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Lincoln: Sage Publications.
Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Fulcher, G. (2003). Testing Second Language Speaking. Britain Person: Education Limited.
Gay, L. R., Mills, G. & Airasian, P. W. (2012). Educational Research Competencies for Analysis and Application (10th ed.). USA: Pearson Education, Inc.
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). Using SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference (4th ed.). London: Pearson Education.
Gerard, K. (2000). How to Teach Pronunciation. Charlbury: Bluestone Press
Gunderson, L. (2009). ESL (ELL) Literacy Instruction: A Guidebook to Theory and Practice (2nd ed.). Abingdon: Routledge.
Halgin R. P., & Whitbourne, S. K. (2007). Abnormal Psychology: Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders (5th ed.). New York: Tata McGraw-Hill.
Hanna, M.S., & Gibson, J. W. (1989). Public Speaking for Personal Success (2nd ed.). Dubuque, lA: William C. Brown.
Harmer, J. (2001). The Practice of English Language Teaching. Essex: Pearson Education Ltd.
Harris, D.P. (1969) Testing English as a Second Language, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Heaton, J. B. (1978). Writing English Language Testing. New York: Longman.
Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. (1986). Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/327317
Kirkwood, C. K., & Melton, S. T. (2002). Anxiety Disorders. In Dipiro, J. T., Talbert, R. L., Yee, G. C., Matzke, G. R., Wells, B. G., Posey, L. M. Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic approach (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. doi: 10.1036/007147899X
Kumari, A. M. & Rani, M. U. (2016). A Study on Student Perspective on Seminar. International Journal of Scientific Research, 5(2). 273-274. doi: 10.36106/ijsr
Leong, L. M., & Ahmadi, S. M. (2017). An Analysis of Factors Influencing Learners’ Speaking English Skill. International Journal of Research in English Education, 2(1), 34–4.
Lightbown, P. & Spada, N. (2003). How Languages Are Learned (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mak, B. (2011). An Exploration of Speaking-in-Class Anxiety with Chinese EFL Learners. Science Direct, 202-214. doi: 10.1016/j.system.2011.04.002
Mia & Analiado, M. A. (2018). EFL Students’ Anxiety in Seminar Proposal Seminar. ICELT, 6, 184-194. Retrieved from http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/ index.php/selt/article/view/100172
Nakhalah, A. (2016). Problems and Difficulties of Speaking that Encounter English Language Students at Al Quds Open University. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 5(12), 96-106. Retrieved from http://www.ijhssi.org/papers/v5(12)/version-3/O5120396101.pdf
Nimat, N. (2013). An Investigation of English Language Anxiety – Experiences of Undergraduate Students in Bangladesh, (Master Thesis). Bangladesh: BRAC University. Retrieved from http://dspace.bracu.ac.bd/xmlui/handle/ 10361/3555
Pardede, P. (2019). EFL Theory and Practice: Voice of EED UKI. Jakarta: UKI Press.
Passer, M. W., & Smith, R.E., (2009). Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour (4th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Companies Inc.
Rachmawati, D. I. & Jurianto. (2020). Investigating English Department Students’ Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety: A Case Study in Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. Social Sciences, Humanities and Education Journal (SHE Journal), 1(2), 22 – 34. doi: 10.25273/she.v1i2.6624
Raja, F. U. (2017). Anxiety Level in Students of Public Speaking: Causes and Remedies. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 4(1), 94-100. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1161521.pdf
Rasinger, S. M. (2010). Research Method in Linguistics. New York: Continuum International Publishing.
Saville-Troike, M. (2006). Introducing Second Language Acquisition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Saviola, F., Pappaianni, E., Monti, A., Grecucci, A., Jovicich, J., & De Pisapia, N. (2020). Trait and State Anxiety are Mapped Differently in the Human Brain. Sci Rep, 10(1), 11112. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68008-z
Schmitt, N. (1996). Uses and Abuses of Coefficient Alpha. Psychological Assessment, 8(4), 350–353. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.8.4.350
Setiadi, M. A. & Junaid, (2020). Analysis of Speaking Anxiety in Thesis Seminar. Makassar: Muhammadiyah Makassar University. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338571585
Setiati, S. (2004). Tips for Making a Good Research Proposal. Acta Medica Indonesiana, 36(1), 43-47. Retrieved from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ 15673937
Shaima, T. (2006). The Effectiveness of a Task-Based Instruction Program in Developing the English Language Speaking Skills of Secondary Stage Students, (Unpublished PhD. Dissertation). Kairo: Ain Shams University. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED523922
Sutker, P. B., & Adams, H. E. (2001). Comprehensive Handbook of Psychopathology. In P. B. Sutker & H. E. Adams (Eds.), Comprehensive Handbook of Psychopathology. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/b107807
Thornbury, S. (2005). How to Teach Speaking. England: Pearson Educational Limited. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/doc/275587410/Thornbury -How-to-Teach-Speaking-pdf
Toubot, A. M., Hock Seng, G., & Binti Atan Abdullah, A. (2018). Examining Levels and Factors of Speaking Anxiety among EFL Libyan English Undergraduate Students. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 7(5), 47. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.5p.47
Tseng, S. (2012). The Factors Caused Language Anxiety for ESL/ EFL Learners in Learning Speaking: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 63, 75-90. Retrieved from https://id.scribd.com/document/256303469/4-P-75-90-10080
Yaikhong, K., & Usaha, S. (2012). A Measure of EFL Public Speaking Class Anxiety: Scale Development and Preliminary Validation and Reliability. Journal of English Language Teaching, 5(12), 23-35. doi:10.5539/elt.v5n12p23
Zia, Z., & Norrihan, S. (2015). EFL Learners’ Levels of Classroom Performance Anxieties and their Causes in Classroom Speaking Activities in Afghanistan. International Journal of English and Education, 4(1), 239–249.
Published
2020-03-30
How to Cite
Noryani, N. R., Suhatmady, B., & Anggriyani, D. (2020). Exploring the Level and Primary Causes of Speaking Anxiety in Thesis Seminar Among EFL Students. E3L: Journal of English Teaching, Linguistic, and Literature , 3(1), 1 - 12. https://doi.org/10.30872/e3l.v3i1.1958
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