Reformulasi Pembiayaan Perguruan Tinggi di Indonesia: Respons terhadap Pergeseran Demografi dan Perubahan Ekonomi (Studi Literature Review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/jimpian.v5i1.5057Keywords:
pembiayaan pendidikan tinggi, reformulasi kebijakan, pergeseran demografi, perubahan ekonomi, keberlanjutan pendidikanAbstract
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara kritis dan merumuskan ulang sistem pembiayaan pendidikan tinggi di Indonesia guna menjawab tantangan kontemporer akibat pergeseran demografi dan perubahan ekonomi. Penelitian ini berangkat dari realitas keterbatasan anggaran pemerintah, ketimpangan akses pendidikan, peningkatan biaya kuliah, serta rendahnya efisiensi dalam alokasi dana pendidikan tinggi. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui metode kajian kepustakaan (library research), artikel ini mengintegrasikan teori ekonomi pendidikan, teori keadilan distributif, dan pendekatan kebijakan publik sebagai kerangka analisis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa reformulasi pembiayaan yang ideal dapat diarahkan pada empat strategi utama: (1) peningkatan partisipasi sektor swasta dan filantropi dalam pendanaan, (2) implementasi model pembiayaan berbasis hasil (outcome-based funding), (3) pemanfaatan teknologi digital untuk efisiensi biaya dan perluasan akses, serta (4) pengembangan skema pinjaman mahasiswa berkelanjutan berbasis penghasilan (income-contingent loan). Reformulasi ini diharapkan dapat mendorong sistem pembiayaan yang lebih adil, inklusif, dan berkelanjutan, serta mampu menjawab tuntutan perubahan sosial-ekonomi Indonesia di masa depan.
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