Journal Information Title Yupa: Historical Studies Journal Initials Yupa Abbreviation yupa. hist. stud. j. Frequency 4 issues per year DOI Prefix 10.30872 ISSN P-ISSN 2541-6960 | E-ISSN 2549-8754 Editor in Chief Muhammad Azmi Publisher Department of History Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Mulawarman Citation / Indexing Google Scholar | Garuda | Dimensions Yupa: Historical Studies Journal is published by the Department of History Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Mulawarman. The journal is published four times a year, in March, June, September, and December. It publishes original research articles and literature-based studies in the fields of historical studies, historiography, and history education. Accepted manuscripts are published in academic English. Register Author Guidelines Manuscript Template Login
Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah FKIP Universitas Mulawarman
Ulos Ragi Pakko and Batak Toba Cultural Meaning in a North Sumatra Museum Collection
This study examines Ulos Ragi Pakko as a Batak Toba cultural artifact preserved in the collection of the North Sumatra Provincial State Museum. It is motivated by the need to document and interpret traditional textiles as material representations of Batak identity, social values, and historical continuity amid contemporary cultural change. The study asks how Ulos Ragi Pakko functions as a cultural artifact and what symbolic meanings it embodies in Batak Toba society. Using a qualitative historical approach, data were collected through artifact observation, museum documentation, literature review, and contextual interpretation of cultural sources related to Batak traditions. The findings show that Ulos Ragi Pakko is not only a traditional woven textile but also a medium of social communication that reflects kinship structures, customary values, ceremonial functions, and the cultural worldview of the Batak Toba people. The artifact embodies meanings associated with respect, social status, solidarity, and cultural continuity across generations. The study contributes to cultural history and museological studies by showing how museum collections interpret, represent, and transmit cultural meanings to wider audiences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desi Herawati, Muaz Tanjung (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Critical History Pedagogy Framework for Developing Historical Consciousness in Indonesian History Education
History learning in Indonesia remains largely transmissive and focused on factual memorization, limiting the development of students’ historical consciousness. This library research examines the relevance and integration of critical philosophy approaches in Indonesian history education by analyzing the canonical works of Freire, Habermas, Gadamer, and Rüsen alongside 24 peer-reviewed journal articles on history education and historical consciousness published between 2020 and 2024. Using content analysis and inter-theoretical comparison of 28 sources, the study argues that critical pedagogy, critical theory, and hermeneutics provide a coherent epistemological foundation for transforming history learning from knowledge transmission toward the cultivation of critical-historical consciousness. Its conceptual contribution is a four-pillar Critical History Pedagogy Framework comprising: deconstruction of singular narratives, democratic historical dialogue, historical-contemporary connection, and historical identity reflection. Grounded in the Merdeka Curriculum context and aligned with Rüsen’s typology of historical consciousness, this framework offers an integrated and operationalizable model for history curriculum development and pedagogy in Indonesia. Empirical testing in classroom settings is recommended for future research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nabella Angellita Setiyono, Suryo Ediyono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ethical Policy and The Modernization of Gemeente Cirebon (1901–1930)
This study examines the implementation of the Ethical Policy and the formation of colonial modernity in Gemeente Cirebon between 1901 and 1930, with particular attention to transportation infrastructure and its social consequences. Using the historical method and a descriptive qualitative approach, the study analyzes colonial reports, statistical records, administrative archives, contemporary newspapers, and relevant secondary literature. The findings show that railways, roads, and port facilities expanded regional connectivity and accelerated the circulation of export commodities, especially sugar, from inland production areas to the Port of Cirebon. Yet this modernization was deeply ambivalent. While it stimulated urban growth, economic circulation, and access to modern facilities, it also sharpened social inequality and strengthened colonial control over indigenous communities. Improvements in the economic, health, and educational sectors were distributed unevenly and remained closely tied to colonial interests. The article argues that the Ethical Policy in Cirebon functioned not only as a reform program but also as an instrument of exploitation, regulation, and social control.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fajar Meishfar, Prapanji Galih Wicaksono, Safira Nur Afifah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Post-Revitalization Model Learning for Fort Willem I as an Open History Laboratory
This article explores the revitalized Willem I Fort as an “Open History Laboratory” to support contextual history learning. Visiting historical buildings in person can help students understand history lessons empirically. The purpose of this study is to analyze the fort’s historical potential and formulate strategies for utilizing Willem I Fort as a dynamic contextual learning resource. The research method used is qualitative, specifically a literature review. The results indicate that Fort Willem I holds historical potential that can be incorporated into history education. The revitalization efforts support the optimization of its educational functions. The proposed strategies include inquiry-based educational zoning, implementation of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL), digitization of knowledge, and strategic collaboration. The transformation of Fort Willem I into an open history laboratory can synergize aspects of pure and applied history, supporting the improvement of historical literacy, awareness of cultural heritage preservation, and students’ critical thinking skills through direct interaction with material evidence from the past.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rizka Cahyaning Arifin Putri, Aditya Ramadhan, Alfan Fikril Hakim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hoesein Djadjadiningrat’s Intellectual Contribution to the Development of Modern Historiography in Indonesia (1911-1935)
This article examines Hoesein Djadjadiningrat’s intellectual contribution to the development of modern historiography in Indonesia between 1911 and 1935. It focuses on the formation of his thought, especially the historical methods that emerged through his works and that contributed to Indonesian historical scholarship. Using historical method—heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography—this study analyzes Hoesein’s writings, scholarly speeches, and relevant secondary literature. The main primary sources include Hoesein’s works from 1911 to 1935, especially Critische Beschouwing van de Sadjarah Banten. The study shows that Hoesein’s thought was shaped by social and intellectual factors, including the influence of Snouck Hurgronje and the Western orientalist tradition. However, Hoesein did not merely reproduce orientalist discourse; as a colonial subject, he reinterpreted historical knowledge through a local perspective. His works therefore mark an important moment in the emergence of modern Indonesian historiography based on source criticism, philological rigor, and historical method.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eva Lestari, Rikza Fauzan, Tubagus Umar Syarif Hadi Wibowo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Capitalism and the History of Rural Java: The Dynamics of Economic and Political Oligarchy in Villages during the New Order
This article examines the historical formation and strengthening of economic and political oligarchy in rural Java during the New Order within the framework of state capitalism. Using a critical historical approach, it analyzes historical literature, scholarly articles, and contemporary news through heuristic, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The study shows that New Order development policies, especially the Green Revolution and village standardization under Law No. 5 of 1979, turned villages into political and economic instruments of the state. Village elites acted as intermediaries between state interests and capital, producing oligarchic structures at the local level. This article argues that oligarchy in rural Java was historically shaped through development policy, capital penetration, and village power restructuring, thereby contributing to the historiography of rural political history in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pasang Budy All Shodiq Budy, Fernanda Prasky Hartono, Anis Syatul Hilmiah, Fachri Zulfikar, Nurul Umamah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
This article examines the emergence and development of gold mining in Boh River, Mahakam Ulu Regency, from 2007 to 2021. Using the historical method through heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, the study draws on interviews, field observation, and secondary materials such as books, legal documents, journals, and archival or documentary sources available to the author. The findings show that gold mining in Boh River emerged from the convergence of alluvial resource potential, limited local employment, community livelihood strategies, and collective mining practices. Its development was marked by a gradual shift from panning with a dulang to machine-assisted extraction using pumps, compressors, and river transport. This technological change reshaped labor relations among miners, workers, capital owners, and gold collectors. Although mining activities faced legal uncertainty and occupational risk, they persisted because they offered a more immediate source of income than other rural livelihoods. The article contributes to local economic history by showing how small-scale mining transformed work, mobility, and social status in an upriver Kalimantan community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurhayati Sudang, Muhamad Sopyan, Sainal A. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Designing Historia Card for Indonesian National Disintegration Learning
This study examines the design and feasibility of Historia Card, a card-based instructional medium for learning Indonesian national disintegration in senior high school history education. The problem addressed is the tendency of history lessons on conflict, integration, and national cohesion to be delivered through verbal explanation, which limits students’ contextual understanding and classroom participation. Using qualitative design research, the study involved needs analysis, prototype design, expert review, revision, and feasibility evaluation through interviews, classroom observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The findings indicate that teachers and students required a practical, visual, and discussion-oriented medium that could organize historical events, actors, causes, consequences, and values of national integration. Historia Card was therefore designed as a quartet-card medium combining concise historical information, visual cues, categorization tasks, and collaborative play. Expert validation and user responses showed that the medium was very feasible, practical, and engaging. The study contributes to history education by demonstrating how non-digital game-based media can support contextual historical understanding while remaining accessible for classroom use.
Copyright (c) 2026 Intan Nuraini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Dynamics of the Management and Implementation of Colonial Health Policy at Pandeglang Hospital (1925–1935)
This article examines the management dynamics of Pandeglang Hospital from 1925 to 1935 in the context of changing colonial health policy in the Dutch East Indies. The study applies the historical method through heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography using colonial health reports, government regulations, and supporting literature. The findings show that institutional change from a military-oriented system to civilian health services shaped administrative standardization, patient classification, subsidy mechanisms, and medical supervision at Pandeglang Hospital. The hospital became important in handling endemic disease, serving as a regional referral center, and strengthening local medical personnel, yet its impact on mortality remained limited because poverty, poor sanitation, and the global economic crisis constrained colonial medical intervention. This case highlights how colonial health policy was implemented unevenly at the local level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desma Febrianti, Rikza Fauzan, Muhammad Anggie Farizqi Prasadana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
INDONESIA’S DIPLOMACY AT THE UN: SUPPORTING THE DECOLONIZATION OF TUNISIA (1951-1956)
This article analyses Indonesia’s diplomacy at the United Nations (UN) in support of Tunisia’s decolonization from French colonial rule between 1951 and 1956. As a newly independent state and a recent member of the UN in the early 1950s, Indonesia strategically utilized the organization as a multilateral platform to articulate anti-colonial norms and to advocate the right to self-determination for colonized peoples. This study adopts historical methodology comprising heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiographical reconstruction, drawing upon primary sources from UN archival documents and secondary sources from internationally indexed scholarly publications. The findings reveal that Indonesia acted as an active diplomatic advocate of Tunisian independence by consistently raising the issue within the UN and by forging strategic cooperation with Asian states. Indonesia’s diplomatic support for Tunisia constitutes a significant illustration of how a postcolonial state mobilised international legitimacy and multilateral pressure to challenge colonial domination. Furthermore, this engagement reflects the normative foundations of Indonesia’s ‘independent and active’ foreign policy and underscores the enduring significance of Asian solidarity rooted in shared experiences of colonial subjugation.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Aditya Setiawan, Muhammad Arya Dwiki Ressa Adriani, Genta Ramadhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Transformation from Water to Land Transportation in Samarinda (1980–1998)
Water transport once played a central role in Samarinda when road connectivity was still limited, especially before the construction of the Mahakam Bridge. This study examines the transformation from water to land transportation in Samarinda during 1980–1998 using the historical method through heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings show that the bridge, together with expanding road infrastructure and transport technology, made land travel faster and more efficient than river modes such as ferries, tambangan, and klotok. As a result, everyday mobility shifted toward land routes, river transport patronage declined, and the income of boat operators decreased. The case demonstrates how urban infrastructure reconfigured accessibility, travel behavior, and the socio-economic position of traditional river transport.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fedro Alvi Hadiid Siregar, Muhammad Azmi, Siti Marfuah, Aulia Rahuma (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Introducing Local Wisdom of Banten Traditional Food through Interactive Cooking Game
Local Wisdom becomes an icon of an area whose existence must be preserved. Banten province has many local wisdoms that must be maintained. One of them is traditional food, which is now being replaced by modern food. The younger generation is now starting to leave the traditional culture, and their ignorance is becoming a problem. The presence of the Interactive Cooking Game, named “Papasakan Interactive Cooking Game,” is expected to be an innovation that increases the knowledge and interest of the younger generation towards traditional Banten food. The research method used is the ADDIE method (analyze, design, development, implementation, evaluation). The respondents of this study included 76 students from the 10th and 11th grades of Senior High School. Various pieces of information about traditional food are obtained through observation and interviews. The results of this research led to the creation of Papasakan: Interactive Cooking Game, an innovative educational game to learn about Banten traditional food. This game contains five traditional foods, including Sate Bandeng from Serang, Rabeg from Cilegon, Mie Laksa from Tangerang, Kue Balok from Pandeglang, and Leumang from Lebak. This game includes the history, uniqueness, and the process of making traditional Banten food. Based on the implementation, the younger generation gave a positive response to the presence of this game. In addition, this game is also considered as an interesting media to introduce knowledge about traditional food to the younger generation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nuhiyah Nuhiyah, Lia Febriyanti, Siti Alwiyah, Wulan Nurjanah, Nashar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Overlooked Impact of the Round Table Conference: Indonesian Citizenship among the Javanese-Surinamese Community (1949–1975)
This article examines an overlooked consequence of the Round Table Conference: the adoption and later decline of Indonesian citizenship among the Javanese-Surinamese community from 1949 to 1975. In the early post-sovereignty years, many Javanese-Surinamese chose Indonesian nationality because they imagined Indonesia as their ancestral homeland and expected attention from the new state. Using the historical method of topic selection, heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, the study draws on newspapers, sociological works, and related historical literature. The findings show that Indonesia did not ignore the community, as seen in the establishment of its representation in Paramaribo in 1951. However, the Javanese-Surinamese were never a major priority in Indonesia’s early postcolonial agenda. As Indonesian domestic and foreign priorities shifted and Surinamese integration deepened, enthusiasm for Indonesian citizenship steadily weakened.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yogaswara Fajar Buwana, Zulkifli Randa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Deep Learning in History Learning Based on Virtual Museum Tours
Deep Learning is an approach that emphasizes in-depth understanding of concepts and competencies. This learning encourages students to actively engage in the learning process. There are three main elements of deep learning: meaningful learning, mindful learning, and joyful learning. Classroom learning is emphasized to be more meaningful and enjoyable for students. Therefore, history learning, known for its monotonous use of texts covering past events, must be implemented into an enjoyable learning experience through various innovations by teachers. One innovation teachers can implement is conducting virtual tours in the classroom by partnering with the National Education Museum. The method used in this research is a case study. The results of this study indicate that learning through virtual tours of museums is highly relevant because it aligns with the historical learning outcomes in schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jihan Nafisah, Agus Mulyana, Tarunasena Tarunasena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The “Sweetness” of Coffee for Jeme Pagar Alam, South Sumatra
Abstract Indonesia, known as an agrarian nation, relies heavily on agriculture as the foundation of its economy and a provider of basic human needs. Among its agricultural subsectors, plantations particularly coffee hold strategic economic, social, and cultural significance. In South Sumatra’s Pagar Alam, situated at the foothills of Mount Dempo, coffee cultivation has long been the cornerstone of the local economy. For the indigenous Jeme Pagar Alam community, coffee represents both livelihood and cultural heritage, reflecting generations of agricultural tradition. Despite its economic contributions, challenges such as limited productivity, poor infrastructure, and restricted market access persist. This study examines the socio-economic impacts of coffee cultivation on the Jeme Pagar Alam people in Dempo Utara District from 1997 to 2023, focusing on production trends, pricing, and cultivation practices to reveal the enduring “sweetness” of coffee in sustaining local life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Apriani Sapartiwi, Farida R. Wargadalem https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Study of Banjarmasin City's Toponyms as a Learning Resource for Local History Based on Wetland Wisdom
The city of Banjarmasin has a long history, reflected in the place names (toponyms) scattered across its territory. Toponyms not only indicate locations but also encapsulate historical, cultural, and local wisdom values of the wetland communities. Unfortunately, the use of toponyms as a source for learning local history remains limited, particularly within the educational context. This research aims to identify and describe the toponyms in Banjarmasin, along with their origins and meanings. It also analyzes the connection between toponyms and local history as well as the wisdom of the wetland communities. Furthermore, it seeks to develop a model or teaching material for local history based on toponyms as a contextual learning resource for junior and senior high schools. The research employs historical methods, including heuristics (source collection), criticism (external and internal), interpretation (analysis), and historiography (writing). The study’s findings suggest that Banjarmasin’s toponyms can be integrated into local history education. Through toponyms, students can learn about the relationship between humans and their environment, the dynamics of settlement, the city’s development over time, and support a contextual learning approach.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mansyur Mansyur, Rusdi Effendi, Daud Yahya, Mohamad Zarnal Arifin Anis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Values of Struggle in The Novel Bunga Di Hari Lalu by Galih Pranata
This study examines the values of struggle in Galih Pranata’s novel Bunga di Hari Lalu through a sociological approach to literature. The novel not only presents the love story of Soediro and Prillie, but also portrays the social realities experienced by indigenous people in the Dutch East Indies in the early twentieth century. Soediro is depicted as an intellectual who struggles through education, literacy, and social awareness. The findings show values of resistance to discrimination, perseverance, nationalism, education as a means of struggle, and morality. These values remain relevant beyond the colonial context and may inspire the present generation in facing social and educational challenges. Bunga di Hari Lalu therefore functions not only as a literary work, but also as a historical reflection and a source of inspiration for intellectual struggle.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nuraniki Afif Utami (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Historical Singularity and Alternative Representations of the Hundred Years' War in the Fate/Grand Order Game
The growing popularity of video games as a means of historical representation has significantly changed how people understand and experience the past. This study analyzes alternative representations of the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) in the video game Fate/Grand Order, with a focus on the figure of Joan of Arc and the narrative construction of the concept of "historical singularity." Using a qualitative approach combining historical methods and virtual ethnography, documented historical events are compared with the game's narrative. The results reveal fundamental differences in chronology, characters, and conflict motives, reflecting a reinterpretation of the past from a transhistorical and fictional perspective. While the game offers pedagogical opportunities to spark interest in history, it also poses the risk of misinterpretation if not accompanied by critical historical literacy. It concludes that digital history, as presented in Fate/Grand Order, must be approached with a reflective eye to foster a deeper understanding of the relationship between historical reality and its cultural representation in digital media.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Rezky Noor Handy, Ahmad Aulia Rahman, Pidi Mohamad Setiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Discourse Analysis of Plantation Commodity Processing Advertisements in East Sumatran Newspapers (1870-1930)
This research aims to analyze the background behind the emergence of advertisements related to the processing of plantation commodities in newspapers, using Van Dijk's theoretical approach. The data sources for this study are the newspapers Pewarta Deli, Suara Dairi, and Surya Sibolga. The method used in this research is the historical method, which is examined through four stages, heuristics (source collection), data verification (validating sources), interpretation (analysis); and historiography. Data analysis is conducted using Van Dijk’s theory. The results of this research indicate that there is a connection between the advertisements for processed plantation commodities in the newspapers Pewarta Deli, Suara Dairi, and Surya Sibolga, and the implementation of the 1870 Agrarian Law by the Dutch East Indies government. These newspapers served as a platform to market or sell the abundant outputs of the plantation industry, which significantly increased due to the application of the 1870 Agrarian Law.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syahri Ramadhan, Melly Tria Utari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Audio-Visual Based History Learning Media
This study aims to determine the implementation of audio-visual-based History learning media in grades XI and XII of SMA Negeri 2 Loa Kulu, students' perceptions of its use, and the obstacles faced. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, data collected through observation, structured interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that audio-visual media such as History videos, PowerPoint, and digital content create interactive learning. Students' perceptions of audio-visual-based history learning media show good interest. The use of this media increases student involvement in the learning process and helps them understand history material in a concrete and interesting way. Students find it easier to understand the material and are more enthusiastic about participating in learning. However, in its implementation there are still obstacles, such as limited technological facilities, dependence on internet connections, and interference from classmates.
Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa Silviana Indriani, Muhammad Azmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Comparative Study on the Role of Character Education in Shaping Social Studies Curricula in Japan and Indonesia
This study explores the character values as the foundation for Social Studies curriculum development through a comparative analysis between Indonesia and Japan. Employing a qualitative descriptive method with content analysis of official curriculum documents, the research reveals that both nations place strong emphasis on character formation, though shaped by distinct historical, cultural, and philosophical contexts. Japan’s approach is deeply rooted in a consistent and centralized education system that blends constitutional nationalism, cultural collectivism, and Bushidō ethics into daily school life. Meanwhile, Indonesia has experienced a dynamic transformation from ideological and centralized models to more flexible, contextual, and culturally responsive curricula, particularly under the Merdeka Curriculum. The findings underscore the need for localized pedagogical strategies and enhanced teacher competencies to effectively translate character education into practice, enabling the development of socially responsible, globally aware citizens grounded in national values.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dewicca Fatma Nadilla, Ersis Warmansyah Abbas, Mutiani Mutiani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of the Problem-Based Learning Model in Social Studies Subjects in Class VIII of SMP 27 Samarinda
The purpose of this study was to determine how the implementation of the problem based-learning model in social studies learning in class VIII of SMP Negeri 27 Samarinda. The focus of this study is how the implementation of problem based-learning and the obstacles experienced in implementing the problem based-learning learning model in social studies learning. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study research type. The data collection techniques used by the researcher are observation, interviews with teachers and students and documentation. The results of the study showed that the implementation of the problem based-learning model in social studies learning in SMP Negeri 27 Samarinda went quite well. At the preparation stage, teachers prepared teaching modules, media and learning resources. The learning media used in problem based-learning learning were whiteboards and videos downloaded from the internet. The implementation of problem based-learning in SMP Negeri 27 Samarinda has several stages starting from opening learning and ending with learning evaluation. Evaluation of problem based-learning learning is an important aspect that aims to measure the effectiveness and impact of this learning model on student development. However, there are also obstacles faced by teachers such as lack of IT, mastery by both teachers and students, time constraints, student characteristics, and management of group dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nabilah Nabilah, Aulia Rahuma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Urgency of Maja Labo Dahu Local Wisdom Value in The Formation of Children's Religious Character in Rada Village
This research is to examine the urgency of the local wisdom value of maja labo dahu in the formation of children's religious character in Rada village, Bima regency. Maja labo dahu, which means "shame and fear (of god)", is a philosophy of life of the Bima people that emphasizes the importance of shame to do wrong and fear of God as a moral foundation. This value is believed to be able to become a social control and shape the character of children who are honest, discilplind, responsible, and avoid reprehensible actions. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and coclusion drawing. The results showed that the integration of maja labo dahu values in the family environment plays an important role in instilling children's religious character. This value not only strengthens children's cultural and religious identity, but also becomes an effective moral fortress in facing the challenges of the digital era and the negative influence of social media. Thus, internalizing the value of maja labo dahu is urgent to strengthen the religious character of the younger amid rapid social change.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nofitasari Nofitasari, A Gafar Hidayat, Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Spice Route History Material in History Learning in Grade X at SMK Negeri 1 Samarinda
This study examines the implementation of spice-route history material in history learning in Grade X at SMK Negeri 1 Samarinda. It aims to describe how the material is implemented within the Merdeka Curriculum, including the teaching strategies used and students’ responses to the integration of spice-route material in history learning. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings show that spice-route material is presented in Chapter 2 and functions as introductory material before broader topics, such as Hindu-Buddhist influence in Indonesia, are discussed. In the planning stage, teachers prepare Learning Outcomes (CP), Learning Objective Flow (ATP), and Teaching Modules. The learning resources used by teachers and students include school textbooks, articles, and other internet sources. The main obstacles faced by teachers and students are the limited availability of learning resources and restricted time allocation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Rahmayanti, Siti Marfuah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Implementation of Spice Route History Material in History Learning in Class XI of SMA Negeri 17 Samarinda
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the spice route history material in history learning for Grade XI students at SMA Negeri 17 Samarinda. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through direct observation, interviews with teachers and students, and supporting documentation. The findings indicate that the spice route material is not taught as a standalone topic but is combined with discussions on Colonialism and Indonesian National Resistance. As a result, the significance of spices as a world heritage with substantial influence on the economic, cultural, and religious dynamics of the Indonesian archipelago is not adequately addressed in classroom instruction. Consequently, students' understanding of the historical value of the spice route remains limited. Several challenges were identified in implementing this material, including a lack of adequate learning facilities such as relevant media and teaching aids, insufficient time allocation due to a dense curriculum, and limited learning resources-particularly textbooks that comprehensively cover the spice route topic. These issues hinder the effectiveness of the learning process and reduce the quality of material delivery.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadya Cahyadewi, Siti Marfuah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Audio-Visual-Based History Learning Media In the Independent Curriculum in Class XI of SMA Negeri 5 Samarinda
This research the aims to analyze the implementation of audio-visual media based history learning in the independence curriculum in class XI of SMA Negeri 5 Samarinda. This research uses a case study method through observation, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The results of this research indicate that the implementation of audio-visual media in class XI of SMA Negeri 5 Samarinda develops understanding of complex material and learning motivation. Implementation obstacles encountered with audio-visual media include a lack of clarity in material delivery due to its too fast, unclear discussion and relevant material, limitations in technology functionality, and lack of sosial intercation between students and teachers. The perceptions of class XI SMA Negeri 5 Samarinda students show that this audio-visual media causes the level of interest of students to vary, with most being very interested while some others are less enthusiastic.
Copyright (c) 2025 berliani sofyana, Muhammad Azmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Measuring Historical Thinking Ability: A Quantitative Study of Students on The Indonesia-Malaysia Border, Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan
This study aims to describe the process of history teaching and the HT skills of high school students in the Indonesia-Malaysia border region. The method used is quantitative with a descriptive case study approach. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and documentation, with the research subjects being Social Studies students at SMA Negeri 1 Sajingan Besar, Sambas, West Kalimantan. The data were analyzed descriptively using simple statistics. The history learning process in the border area is running well, with teachers using local content and engaging teaching media. Students showed a reasonably good level of HT skills, although there are still some gaps in discussion activities and report writing skills. Sequential and contextual history teaching helps students understand cause-and-effect relationships between events.
Copyright (c) 2025 Haris Firmansyah, Astrini Eka Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Philosophy of the Matrilineal Kinship System as A Cultural Heritage of Minangkabau
This study examines the philosophy underlying the Minangkabau matrilineal kinship system as a cultural heritage rich in meaning and social values. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and library research, the study finds that this system is not merely a social structure but also reflects gender balance, collective family responsibility, and a close relationship between custom and religion through the principle of adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah. Amid globalization and modernization, this philosophy remains relevant for strengthening cultural identity and shaping social character. The study therefore argues that understanding and preserving the philosophical foundations of the Minangkabau matrilineal kinship system is essential for sustaining the noble values of Indonesia’s cultural heritage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Agustina, Lisna Sandora, Yunika Lubis, Nabila Nabila, Kayyisa Hanifa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Comparing Students’ Learning Outcomes Between the Question Student Have and Giving Question and Getting Answer Strategies in Grade VII Social Studies at SMP Negeri 20 Bengkulu
This study aimed to examine whether there were differences in students’ learning outcomes between those who applied the Question Student Have strategy (questions from students) and those who applied the Giving Question and Getting Answer strategy (giving questions and receiving answers) in Social Studies learning in Grade VII at SMP Negeri 20 Bengkulu City. This experimental study used a comparative quantitative approach with a dual-paradigm research design involving two independent variables and one dependent variable. The population consisted of Grade VII students of SMP Negeri 20 Bengkulu City in the 2024–2025 academic year, while the sample comprised Class VII A as the experimental class and Class VII B as the control class. The research instrument was a Social Studies achievement test. The data were analyzed using a normality test, a homogeneity test, and a t-test. The results indicated differences in students’ learning outcomes between those using the Question Student Have strategy (questions from students) and those using the Giving Question and Getting Answer strategy (giving questions and receiving answers) in Social Studies in Grade VII at SMP Negeri 20 Bengkulu City. This was evidenced by the t-test results (tcount > ttable = 2.578 > 1.697) or p < 0.05 (i.e., 0.029 < 0.05), meaning that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jek Prengki; Adisel Adisel; Sepri Yunarman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
De Javasche Bank Nationalization Policy: From Private Bank to Bank Indonesia, 1951-1953
This article examines the nationalization policy by the Indonesian government towards foreign private banks owned by the Dutch East Indies colonial government to become Bank Indonesia in the period of 1951-1953. De Javasche Bank was nationalized because having significant power in the economic, political and monetary sector, being a source of livelihood, and wealth. The article uses the historical method consisting of four stages, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. Throughout this research, the validity is obtained that on 30 April 1951, the Minister of Finance, Yusuf Wibisono, had plans to nationalize De Javasche Bank. On 2 July 1951, the Prime Minister Sukiman formed the De Javasche Bank Nationalization Committee. Sumitro Djojohadikusumo, the new Minister of Finance, submitted a draft law regarding the nationalization of De Javasche Bank on 22 August 1952 and it was approved on 10 April 1953 with the provisions of Law no. 11 of 1953.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fauzan Syahru Ramadhan, Desi Susanti, Khairana Zata Nugroho, Keke Pahlevi Daradjati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0